Pulmonary Embolism

Sometimes the blood clot in the veins of the leg. Veins take blood from legs to heart, which pumps blood to lungs. Due to clot in veins of legs, the less oxygenated blood blocks blood circulation thru’ lungs.

1) Genetic predispostion to cloting
2) Bed rest
3) Major surgery
4) child birth

They are major causes of pulmonary embolism. When Pulmonary embolism is in intial stage removing clot is the only solution. That is acute pulmonary embolism. This is most complicated surgery in the field of medicine. Success rate is low. There are only 10 centers in the world which can perform this type of urgery & even qualified surgeons fail to diagnise this & treat it as asthama & TB. This is for exclusively patient & public awarness.

The Banned drugs in the sports world

Now the Beijing olympics is over, the cry of banned drugs in the olympics is less compared to last 3 decades. But still there are some cases of performance enhancements drugs in the sports world. They are stimulant substances which act on the brain stimulating both mentally & physically. They increase alertness, competitiveness & agression & help to combat fatigue making athletes feel stronger & more energetic. These days stimulants can increase BP & body temperature  & create irregular heart beat & may result in cardiac arrest & stroke.

Examples of Banned Stimulants

1. Amphetamine
2. Salbutamol
3. Mesocarb
4. Terbutaline
5. Ephedrines
Steroids (Anabalic Steroids)

Anabalic means body building mimic the effects of male sex harmone testrosterone by stimulating the muscle & bone cells to make new protein. Sportsman can able to train harder & longer. The side effects are

1) male feature in women
2) loss of fertility
3) impotence & damage to kidneys
4) increase the bp & harden the artery

Examples of Anabalic steroids

1) Stanozolol
2) Nandrolone
3) Androstenedione

3) Diureties: It helps to eliminate the fluid from the body & used to treat the high bp.They increase the production of urine & reduce tissue swelling. Diuretes are mmisused by sportsmen to reduce weights and as a making agent by diluting urine.

The side effects are

1) severe dehydration
2) Kidney Damage
3) Cardiac Arrest

Advancement in the Neuro Surgery

In the older days, some 20 to 30 years back standard neuro surgery is to remove the tumor by opening the skull and in the advanced neuro surgical a stealth neuro navigation system is used to locate the tumor. For example a person having a tumor in the brain pressing the optic nerve, person unable to see due to this tumor. By using 3D endoscope with the help of stealth neuro navigation system surgeons can exactly locate the tumor pressing the optic nerve and remove the tumor with the 3D 2.7 mm endoscope through the nose of the person. Even in the space surgery 3D endoscopes are used to remove fragments of dust that displace into the space control and compress the nerve. Space tumor are also removed through key hole surgery by using 3D endoscope.

Understanding of AIDS Disease & Development of Vaccine for it

Although scientists are trying to understand the HIV virus from past 27 years. They are still unable to understand about HIV and its infections. Scientists know very little about HIV. They commonly know that HIV destroys Human body immune system. The HIV – 1 intially damages macrophagus, a type of immune cells it bonds through a molecule known as GP120, a (viral surface glycoprotein) to the protein molecule [CD4] on the macrophagus surface. Later it enters T-cells, another type of immune cells. This leads to the collapse of human immune system of body which is called the AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome).
The happened immune system leaves the body defenseless and suscptible for the attack by all the other diseasrs causing micorbes & cancer.

All the above said theories are research carried out by scientists are just a belief. We need to understand the HIV more as what we have understood is very less. There is a need of further research to understand HIV, until we understand HIV, the possibility of finding a vaccine is a distant dream.

Mechanism of Breast Cancer & its Treatment

Breast cancer is a curse for women but it is rarely seen in men. Cancer is an uncontrollable production of cells which destroys the healthy cells. The scientists have found BRCA1, BRCA2 genes responsible for abnormal growth of cells in the breasts. BRCA1, BRCA2 growth triggered the abnormal growth of cells due to the estrogen levels of harmones. Post menopause women with overweight problems is also one of the causes for the problem. Most women with assymetric nodularity, nipple inversions, nipple discharge, breast pan, are the possible medication of cancer.
Diagnising with
1) Biopsy
2) Sound scanning, ultra sound scanning
3) mammography
4) Time needle aspertion – provides the tumor grade estrogen receptor status

Surgery is the primary treatment or a masectomy. The chemotherepy & radio therepy with the use of drug “tamoxifen” which blocks the estrogen receptors in the breast & stops the estrogen stimulating growth. Breast cancer has fallen since from 1989.

Step Towards Long Healthy life

Today the average life span is like 50 years, which is less than the maximum human life span. The quality of our later years is eroded by preventable chronic diseases. There is lot of scientific eveidence that the deterioration in health is due to the irreversible gene mutuation or gene failures but by the accumulation of fine radical damage & shifts in the activation threshold of the genes. The age related decline is potentially preventable & reversible. Good diet & the right anti oxidant will slow the rate of our aging process.

Anti oxdiants are important for all of us to strenthen & protect our immune system & to help guard against diseases. Antioxidents may even help us live longer. The free radical damage cause aging. Anti oxidants in high enough quantities should be able to slow aging.

Our body has a neutrel defense system against these free radicals. Immune system comprised of antioxdents which are able to neutralize free radicals & prevent much cellular damage. We also need anti oxidants from other sources such as fruits, vegtables, nuts & grains. The more common of these anti oxdants include 1) Lycopene 2) Vitamin E 3) Vitamin C 4) Beta- carotene 5) Zinc 6) Selenium . The highest concentration of anti oxidants found in the most deeply coloured fruit such as strawberries, carrots & tomotoes. There is a lot of proof of these above said vegetables used by our elders thousands of years back.

Diabetes Curse of India

Diabetes is a human body disorder affecting 4 crore Indians. There are crores of unknown diabetic patients in the country because of lack of awarness.

Mechanism of Human Body

When a person eats, sugar contentin food is always converted to Glucose by pancreas.  

Pancreas consists of alpha, beta cells which produces insulin & which converts sugar to glucose & converts to glycogen. Powerhouses of cells need glycogen for multiplication of cells. We cannot survive without glycogen.

Non function of alpha & beta cells results in not producing glycogen. Doctors prescribe sulphnoid which stimulates insulin in pancreas. With the Dying of alpha & beta cells, no drug can rejuvenete the pancreas.

Sedetive life style, excessive eating & stress life are some of the factors for diabetes. With more materialistic ambitions people are taking more stress. People of our country adopted the traditional food are now going for fast &junk foods. With easy transportation, people have stopped walking.

If a diabetic person takes antibiotic for a long time his cells will not respond.