Great Akaka Falls

Pulmonary Embolism

Sometimes the blood clot in the veins of the leg. Veins take blood from legs to heart, which pumps blood to lungs. Due to clot in veins of legs, the less oxygenated blood blocks blood circulation thru’ lungs.

1) Genetic predispostion to cloting
2) Bed rest
3) Major surgery
4) child birth

They are major causes of pulmonary embolism. When Pulmonary embolism is in intial stage removing clot is the only solution. That is acute pulmonary embolism. This is most complicated surgery in the field of medicine. Success rate is low. There are only 10 centers in the world which can perform this type of urgery & even qualified surgeons fail to diagnise this & treat it as asthama & TB. This is for exclusively patient & public awarness.

The future transportation

In today’s world we give more importance for time than anything. If you travel from new york to los angeles by plane it takes 6 hrs to cover 3950 km distance. If we develop faster mode of transportation we can reach in 31.5 mins at an average speed of 8350 km/hr.We wonder how it is possible? but it is possible in the future. This system is called “planetarium”. A magnetically suspended tram moving through a pipeline at a low pressure. The thrust is generated by the pressure difference at the other end of vehicle. The tube inside which the vehicle moves is sectioned into locked compartments, all the compartments are at a different pressure so that pressure falls in the outward direction. These pressure drops propel the vehicle until compartment no. 50 for example. The pressure is only 98 pa. which corresponds to atmospheric pressure at an altitude of 50 km. Thus fairly low pressure is established for the remaining length of tube & the accelerated vehicle pierces at an enourmous speed. When the vehicle is on way back, the pressure settings are obviously reversed. The acceleration down the initial section is limited by passenger comfort. The contraction of such a system is an extremely involved energetic challenge. The most challenging problem is the concentration of the scheduled large diameter pipeline extending for a greater distance. This is possible for the oil & gas transportation. The construction of tube carrying wheel less vehicles at the space speeds may be possible tomorrow.

Military Communication

The world of communication made the world as a global villege. Most of the communication developed for the purpose of Military usage in the world war 2. The advanced radio design development & production in frequency from 1.5 mhz to 5 Ghz. It features high speed built in crypto algorithm. Cryptology is the study of military codes. Written in theirion military codes and electronic counter measure techniques.
1) Frequency hopping
2) Direct response

For reliable communication under severe battle environment. Quality modems to serve the increasing demand for command, communication, control, computer, intelligence, survelliance and reconnaisance. (C4ISR). Multichannel line of sight frequency hopping wide band radio equipment. for reliable inter command parts communication.

Tactical Terminals- Computers & communication controllers from HQ to any point in the battle space.

Vibration Test for Satellites & Space Shuttle

Before launching the satellite & space shuttle it is the most important test. I am writing the article for the sake of budding youngsters. Without doing the vibration if satellites are launched all the components or parts will break up & comeout of the capsule. The world runs on mechanical vibrations. Even a quartz clock runs on vibrations when an electric current pass through the piezo electric crystal, crystal vibrates. This is the principle of quartz clock. Vibration is strong phenomenon on earth. When PSLV lifts off the spacecraft or satellite carried by PSLV experiences 15g condition (‘g’stands for acceleration due to gravity). The condition of accelertion due to gravity is tested by accelerometer. 120 accelerometer are placed near the instrument of space shuttle & satellite so that each part could be tested. If a part or component gets cracked by the vibration while testing they will replace the part & component.

The Banned drugs in the sports world

Now the Beijing olympics is over, the cry of banned drugs in the olympics is less compared to last 3 decades. But still there are some cases of performance enhancements drugs in the sports world. They are stimulant substances which act on the brain stimulating both mentally & physically. They increase alertness, competitiveness & agression & help to combat fatigue making athletes feel stronger & more energetic. These days stimulants can increase BP & body temperature  & create irregular heart beat & may result in cardiac arrest & stroke.

Examples of Banned Stimulants

1. Amphetamine
2. Salbutamol
3. Mesocarb
4. Terbutaline
5. Ephedrines
Steroids (Anabalic Steroids)

Anabalic means body building mimic the effects of male sex harmone testrosterone by stimulating the muscle & bone cells to make new protein. Sportsman can able to train harder & longer. The side effects are

1) male feature in women
2) loss of fertility
3) impotence & damage to kidneys
4) increase the bp & harden the artery

Examples of Anabalic steroids

1) Stanozolol
2) Nandrolone
3) Androstenedione

3) Diureties: It helps to eliminate the fluid from the body & used to treat the high bp.They increase the production of urine & reduce tissue swelling. Diuretes are mmisused by sportsmen to reduce weights and as a making agent by diluting urine.

The side effects are

1) severe dehydration
2) Kidney Damage
3) Cardiac Arrest

Chandrayan Of India

Although Moon was explored in the 1969 by the Americans it is very much less we learnt about the Moon. Moon is a very mysterious place for scientists. It is Indians turn to explore the moon. Indians are launching polar satellite launch vehicle into the orbit. Polar orbit is 800 to 1500 kms from the earth. Indians are launching unmanned mission into the PSLV orbit. launching depends on the exact positioning of the earth sun & the moon. Indians wants to explore the poles of the moon.  Polar region of the moon is a mysterious place of atmosphere. Helium gas & gravitational forces need to be studied properly. The space craft is tested on space simulator.
1) Vibration test – before launching the space craft to the moon vibration test carried out on spacecraft. Space shuttle should with stand the 16 tonnes of vibration.

2) Space shuttle should tolerate a noise similar to noise produced by 10 jet engines.

3) Temperature test – It should withstand the temperature of 100′c

Space shuttle should map systematically topography of the moon and chemical 7 micrological mapping of moon to understand the process of formulation & chemical evolution of moon.

Neutrino Observatory

Neutrino are the smallest particles of neutron which is a neutral charged particle of an atom.Stars are emitting continuosly millions of neutrino particles per second. It will pierce through the earth and even human body.  It is impossible to capture the nuetrino in the atmosphere because there are other particles of light. We need dark tunnel to capture the nuetrino particles. Americans are trying to capture it in Ohio salt mines and Italians are trying to capture it at worlds Biggest tunnel. Japanese are also trying to capture in the mines. Other countries are trying to capture the neutrino particles on water or ice or on the salt. Our country is piling up Iron of 1 Lakh tonnes in the tunnel. The density and Volume of Iron is high. So it is easy to capture Neutrino particles. There is more possibility of capturing nuetrino particles. Although we failed to capture neutrino particles in teh Kolar Gold field 30 years back. I hope we will be succesful this time. As a kid & as a child prodigy I spoke about this with lot of people but they fail to understand. Now I hope people also understand this. When I was in the 6th & 7th grade our country failed to capture the neutrino particle & I hope we will be successful at my age of 42 years.

Solar Flares and its Effects

Solar Flare is a violent explosion in the Suns atmosphere releasing upto a total energy of 6×1029 joules. Solar flares takes place in the solar sun layer of corona 7 chromosphere heating plasma to tens of millions of kelvins & accelerating electron protons and heavier ions to the speed of light. They produce electromagnetic radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum at all wavelengths from the long longwave radio to the shortest wavelength gammarays. Most flares occur in the active regions around sunspots where intense magnetic fields emerge from the suns surface into the corona flares are powered by the sudden release of magnetic energy stored in the corona. Solar flares were first observed on the sun in 1859.

Advancement in the Neuro Surgery

In the older days, some 20 to 30 years back standard neuro surgery is to remove the tumor by opening the skull and in the advanced neuro surgical a stealth neuro navigation system is used to locate the tumor. For example a person having a tumor in the brain pressing the optic nerve, person unable to see due to this tumor. By using 3D endoscope with the help of stealth neuro navigation system surgeons can exactly locate the tumor pressing the optic nerve and remove the tumor with the 3D 2.7 mm endoscope through the nose of the person. Even in the space surgery 3D endoscopes are used to remove fragments of dust that displace into the space control and compress the nerve. Space tumor are also removed through key hole surgery by using 3D endoscope.